Multi-speed transmission

ABSTRACT

A transmission is provided having an input member, an output member, four planetary gear sets, a plurality of coupling members and a plurality of torque transmitting devices. Each of the planetary gear sets includes first, second and third members. The torque transmitting devices are clutches and brakes.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/949,261 filed on Jul. 12, 2007. The disclosure of the above application is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

The invention relates generally to a multiple speed transmission having a plurality of planetary gear sets and a plurality of torque transmitting devices and more particularly to a transmission having nine or more speeds, four planetary gear sets and a plurality of torque transmitting devices.

BACKGROUND

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may or may not constitute prior art.

A typical multiple speed transmission uses a combination of friction clutches, planetary gear arrangements and fixed interconnections to achieve a plurality of gear ratios. The number and physical arrangement of the planetary gear sets, generally, are dictated by packaging, cost and desired speed ratios.

While current transmissions achieve their intended purpose, the need for new and improved transmission configurations which exhibit improved performance, especially from the standpoints of efficiency, responsiveness and smoothness and improved packaging, primarily reduced size and weight, is essentially constant. Accordingly, there is a need for an improved, cost-effective, compact multiple speed transmission.

SUMMARY

A transmission is provided having an input member, an output member, four planetary gear sets, a plurality of coupling members and a plurality of torque transmitting devices. Each of the planetary gear sets includes first, second and third members. The torque transmitting devices are for example clutches and brakes.

An embodiment of the transmission includes an input member, an output member, first, second, third and fourth planetary gear sets each having first, second and third members. A first interconnecting member continuously interconnects the first member of the first planetary gear set with the first member of the third planetary gear set, a second interconnecting member continuously interconnects the third member of the first planetary gear set with the second member of the second planetary gear set, a third interconnecting member continuously interconnects the third member of the second planetary gear set with the second member of the third planetary gear set and the output member, and a fourth interconnecting member continuously interconnects the third member of the third planetary gear set and the second member of the fourth planetary gear set. Six torque transmitting mechanisms are selectively engageable to interconnect one of the first, second, and third members with at least one of the first members, second members, third members, and a stationary element. The torque transmitting mechanisms are selectively engageable in combinations of at least three to establish at least nine forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio between the input member and the output member.

In one aspect of the present invention, a first of the six torque transmitting mechanisms is selectively engageable to interconnect at least one of the input member and the third member of the fourth planetary gear set with the first member of the fourth planetary gear set.

In another aspect of the present invention, a second of the six torque transmitting mechanisms is selectively engageable to interconnect the first member of the second planetary gear set with the first member of the fourth planetary gear set.

In yet another aspect of the present invention, a third of the six torque transmitting mechanisms is selectively engageable to interconnect at least one of the second member of the second planetary gear set and the third member of the first planetary gear set with at least one of the third member of the third planetary gear set and the second member of the fourth planetary gear set.

In yet another aspect of the present invention, a fourth of the six torque transmitting mechanisms is selectively engageable to interconnect the first member of the second planetary gear set with a stationary element.

In yet another aspect of the present invention, a fifth of the six torque transmitting mechanisms is selectively engageable to interconnect the second member of the first planetary gear set with the stationary element.

In yet another aspect of the present invention, a sixth of the six torque transmitting mechanisms is selectively engageable to interconnect at least one of the first member of the first planetary gear set and the first member of the third planetary gear set with the stationary element.

In yet another aspect of the present invention, the first members are sun gears, the second members are carrier members, and the third members are ring gears.

In yet another aspect of the present invention, the input member is continuously interconnected with the third member of the fourth planetary gear set and wherein the output member is continuously interconnected with at least one of the second member of the third planetary gear set and the third member of the second planetary gear set.

In yet another aspect of the present invention, three of the torque transmitting mechanisms are brakes and three of the torque transmitting mechanisms are clutches.

In yet another aspect of the present invention, the stationary element is a transmission housing.

Another embodiment of the transmission of the present invention includes an input member, an output member, first, second, third and fourth planetary gear sets each having first, second and third members, wherein the input member is continuously interconnected with the third member of the fourth planetary gear set and wherein the output member is continuously interconnected with at least one of the second member of the third planetary gear set and the third member of the second planetary gear set. A first interconnecting member continuously interconnects the first member of the first planetary gear set with the first member of the third planetary gear set, a second interconnecting member continuously interconnects the third member of the first planetary gear set with the second member of the second planetary gear set, a third interconnecting member continuously interconnects the third member of the second planetary gear set with the second member of the third planetary gear set and the output member, and a fourth interconnecting member continuously interconnects the third member of the third planetary gear set and the second member of the fourth planetary gear set. A first torque transmitting mechanism is selectively engageable to interconnect at least one of the input member and the third member of the fourth planetary gear set with the first member of the fourth planetary gear set. A second torque transmitting mechanism is selectively engageable to interconnect the first member of the second planetary gear set with the first member of the fourth planetary gear set. A third torque transmitting mechanism is selectively engageable to interconnect at least one of the second member of the second planetary gear set and the third member of the first planetary gear set with at least one of the third member of the third planetary gear set and the second member of the fourth planetary gear set. A fourth torque transmitting mechanism is selectively engageable to interconnect the first member of the second planetary gear set with a stationary element. A fifth torque transmitting mechanism is selectively engageable to interconnect the second member of the first planetary gear set with the stationary element. A sixth torque transmitting mechanism is selectively engageable to interconnect at least one of the first member of the first planetary gear set and the first member of the third planetary gear set with the stationary element. The torque transmitting mechanisms are selectively engageable in combinations of at least three to establish at least nine forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio between the input member and the output member.

In one aspect of the present invention, first members are sun gears, the second members are carrier members, and the third members are ring gears.

In another aspect of the present invention, the stationary element is a transmission housing.

Another embodiment of the transmission of the present invention includes an input member, an output member, first, second, third and fourth planetary gear sets each having a sun gear, a carrier member, and a ring gear, wherein the input member is continuously interconnected with the ring gear of the fourth planetary gear set and wherein the output member is continuously interconnected with at least one of the carrier member of the third planetary gear set and the ring gear of the second planetary gear set. A first interconnecting member continuously interconnects the sun gear of the first planetary gear set with the sun gear of the third planetary gear set, a second interconnecting member continuously interconnects the ring gear of the first planetary gear set with the carrier member of the second planetary gear set, a third interconnecting member continuously interconnects the ring gear of the second planetary gear set with the carrier member of the third planetary gear set and the output member, and a fourth interconnecting member continuously interconnects the ring gear of the third planetary gear set and the carrier member of the fourth planetary gear set. A first torque transmitting mechanism is selectively engageable to interconnect at least one of the input member and the ring gear of the fourth planetary gear set with the sun gear of the fourth planetary gear set. A second torque transmitting mechanism is selectively engageable to interconnect the sun gear of the second planetary gear set with the sun gear of the fourth planetary gear set. A third torque transmitting mechanism is selectively engageable to interconnect at least one of ring gear of the first planetary gear set and the carrier member of the second planetary gear set with at least one of the ring gear of the third planetary gear set and the carrier member of the fourth planetary gear set. A fourth torque transmitting mechanism is selectively engageable to interconnect the sun gear of the second planetary gear set with a stationary element. A fifth torque transmitting mechanism is selectively engageable to interconnect the carrier member of the first planetary gear set with the stationary element. A sixth torque transmitting mechanism is selectively engageable to interconnect at least one of the sun gear of the first planetary gear set and the sun gear of the third planetary gear set with the stationary element. The torque transmitting mechanisms are selectively engageable in combinations of at least three to establish at least nine forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio between the input member and the output member.

In one aspect of the present invention, the stationary element is a transmission housing.

Further objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent by reference to the following description and appended drawings wherein like reference numbers refer to the same component, element or feature.

DRAWINGS

The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.

FIG. 1 is a lever diagram of an embodiment of a nine speed transmission according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of an embodiment of a nine speed transmission according to the present invention; and

FIG. 3 is a truth table presenting the state of engagement of the various torque transmitting devices in each of the available forward and reverse speeds or gear ratios of the transmission illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses.

At the outset, it should be appreciated that in the particular example provided, the nine speed automatic transmission of the present invention has an arrangement of permanent mechanical connections between the elements of the four planetary gear sets. A first component or element of a first planetary gear set is permanently coupled to a first component or element of a third planetary gear set. A third component or element of the first planetary gear set is permanently coupled to a second component or element of a second planetary gear set. A first component or element of the second planetary gear set is permanently coupled to a second component or element of the third planetary gear set. Finally, a third component or element of the third planetary gear set is permanently coupled to a second component or element of a fourth planetary gear set.

Referring now to FIG. 1, an embodiment of a nine speed transmission 10 is illustrated in a lever diagram format. A lever diagram is a schematic representation of the components of a mechanical device such as an automatic transmission. Each individual lever represents a planetary gear set wherein the three basic mechanical components of the planetary gear set are each represented by a node. Therefore, a single lever contains three nodes: one for the sun gear, one for the planet gear carrier, and one for the ring gear. The relative length between the nodes of each lever can be used to represent the ring-to-sun ratio of each respective gear set. These lever ratios, in turn, are used to vary the gear ratios of the transmission in order to achieve appropriate ratios and ratio progression. Mechanical couplings or interconnections between the nodes of the various planetary gear sets are illustrated by thin, horizontal lines and torque transmitting devices such as clutches and brakes are presented as interleaved fingers. If the device is a brake, one set of the fingers is grounded. Further explanation of the format, purpose and use of lever diagrams can be found in SAE Paper 810102, “The Lever Analogy: A New Tool in Transmission Analysis” by Benford and Leising which is hereby fully incorporated by reference.

The transmission 10 includes an input shaft or member 12, a first planetary gear set 14 having three nodes: a first node 14A, a second node 14B and a third node 14C, a second planetary gear set 16 having three nodes: a first node 16A, a second node 16B and a third node 16C, a third planetary gear set 18 having three nodes: a first node 18A, a second node 18B and a third node 18C, a fourth planetary gear set 20 having three nodes: a first node 20A, a second node 20B and a third node 20C and an output shaft or member 22.

The input shaft or member 12 is coupled to the third node 20C of the fourth planetary gear set 20. The output shaft or member 22 is coupled to the second node 18B of the third planetary gear set 18. The first node 14A of the first planetary gear set 14 is coupled to the first node 18A of the third planetary gear set 18. The third node 14C of the first planetary gear set 14 is coupled to the second node 16B of the second planetary gear set 16. The first node 16A of the second planetary gear set 16 is coupled to the second node 18B of the third planetary gear set 18. The third node 18C of the third planetary gear set 18 is coupled to the second node 20B of the fourth planetary gear set 20.

A first clutch 26 selectively connects the first node 20A of the fourth planetary gear set 20 to the third node 20C of the fourth planetary gear set 20 and to the input shaft or member 12. A second clutch 28 selectively connects third node 16C of the second planetary gear set 16 to the first node 20A of the fourth planetary gear set 20. A third clutch 30 selectively connects the second node 16B of the second planetary gear set 16 to the second node 20B of the fourth planetary gear set 20 and to the third node 18C of the third planetary gear set 18. A first brake 32 selectively connects the third node 16C of the second planetary gear set 16 to a ground or a transmission housing 50. A second brake 34 selectively connects the second node 14B of the first planetary gear set 14 to a ground or a transmission housing 50. A third brake 36 selectively connects the first node 18A of the third planetary gear set 18 to a ground or a transmission housing 50.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a stick diagram presents a schematic layout of the embodiment of the nine speed transmission 10 according to the present invention. In FIG. 2, the numbering from the lever diagram of FIG. 1 is carried over. The clutches, brakes and couplings are correspondingly presented whereas the nodes of the planetary gear sets now appear as components of planetary gear sets such as sun gears, ring gears, planet gears and planet gear carriers.

For example, the planetary gear set 14 includes a sun gear member 14A, a planet gear carrier member 14B that supports a set of planet gears 14D and a ring gear member 14C. The sun gear member 14A is connected for common rotation with a first shaft or interconnecting member 42 and a second shaft or interconnecting member 44. The ring gear member 14C is connected for common rotation with a third shaft or interconnecting member 46. The planet gear carrier member 14B is connected for common rotation with a fourth shaft or interconnecting member 48. The planet gears 14D are each configured to intermesh with both the ring gear member 14C and the sun gear member 14A.

The input shaft or member 12 is preferably continuously connected to an engine (not shown) or to a turbine of a torque converter (not shown). The output shaft or member 22 is preferably continuously connected with the final drive unit or transfer case (not shown).

The planetary gear set 16 includes a sun gear member 16C, a ring gear member 16A and a planet carrier member 16B that rotatably supports a set of planet gears 16D. The sun gear member 16C is connected for common rotation with a fifth shaft or interconnecting member 52 and a sixth shaft or interconnecting member 54. The ring gear member 16A is connected for common rotation with a seventh shaft or interconnecting member 56. The planet carrier member 16B is connected for common rotation with the third shaft or interconnecting member 46 and a ninth shaft or interconnecting member 59. The planet gears 16D are each configured to intermesh with both sun gear member 16C and ring gear member 16A.

The planetary gear set 18 includes a sun gear member 18A, a ring gear member 18C and a planet carrier member 18B that rotatably supports a set of planet gears 18D. The sun gear member 18A is connected for common rotation with the first shaft or interconnecting member 42. The ring gear member 18C is connected for common rotation with a tenth shaft or interconnecting member 60. The planet carrier member 18B is connected for common rotation with the seventh shaft or interconnecting member 56 and with output shaft or member 22. The planet gears 18D are each configured to intermesh with both the sun gear member 18A and the ring gear member 18C.

The planetary gear set 20 includes a sun gear member 20A, a planet carrier member 20B that rotatably supports a set of planet gears 20D, and a ring gear member 20C. The sun gear member 20A is connected for common rotation with an eleventh shaft or interconnecting member 62. The planet carrier member 20B is connected for common rotation with the tenth shaft or interconnecting member 60. The ring gear member 20C is connected for common rotation with input shaft or member 12. The planet gears 20D are each configured to intermesh with both the ring gear member 20C and sun gear member 20A.

The torque transmitting mechanisms or clutches 26, 28, 30, and brakes 32, 34 and 36 allow for selective interconnection of the shafts or interconnecting members, members of the planetary gear sets and the housing 50. For example, the first clutch 26 is selectively engageable to connect the input shaft or member 12 to the eleventh shaft or interconnecting member 62. The second clutch 28 is selectively engageable to connect the sixth shaft or interconnecting member 54 to the eleventh shaft or interconnecting member 62. The third clutch 30 is selectively engageable to connect the ninth shaft or interconnecting member 59 to the tenth shaft or interconnecting member 60. The first brake 32 is selectively engageable to connect sun gear member 16C via fifth shaft or interconnecting member 52 to ground, a stationary element, or transmission housing 50 to restrict rotation of sun gear member 16C relative to transmission housing 50. The second brake 34 is selectively engageable to connect planet carrier member 14B via fourth shaft or interconnecting member 48 to ground, a stationary element, or transmission housing 50 to restrict rotation of planet carrier member 14B relative to transmission housing 50. The third brake 36 is selectively engageable to connect sun gear members 14A, 18A via first shaft or interconnecting member 42 and second shaft or interconnecting member 44 to ground, a stationary element, or transmission housing 50 to restrict rotation of sun gear members 14A, 18A relative to transmission housing 50.

In the present embodiment, the third clutch 30 and second brake 34 are larger than clutches 26, 28 and brakes 32, 36. For example, the third clutch 30 and second brake 34 have increased diameter friction plates or a greater number of friction plates thus providing additional functional friction surface area than the clutches 26, 28 and brakes 32, 36. The larger clutch 30 and brake 34 allow for increased torque transmitting capacity, shorter engagement time, and improved wear characteristics. However, the present invention contemplates that other embodiments have clutches and brakes 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, and 36 of different sizes without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, the operation of the embodiment of the nine speed transmission 10 will be described. It will be appreciated that transmission 10 is capable of transmitting torque from the input shaft or member 12 to the output shaft or member 22 in at least nine forward speed or torque ratios and at least one reverse speed or torque ratio with a double overdrive. Each forward and reverse speed or torque ratio is attained by engagement of one or more of the torque-transmitting mechanisms (i.e. first clutch 26, second clutch 28, third clutch 30, first brake 32, second brake 34 and third brake 36), as will be explained below. FIG. 3 is a truth table presenting the various combinations of torque-transmitting mechanisms that are activated or engaged to achieve the various gear states. Actual numerical gear ratios of the various gear states are also presented although it should be appreciated that these numerical values are exemplary only and that they may be adjusted over significant ranges to accommodate various applications and operational criteria of the transmission 10. An example of the gear ratios that may be obtained using the embodiments of the present invention are also shown in FIG. 3. Of course, other gear ratios are achievable depending on the gear diameter, gear teeth count and gear configuration selected.

To establish reverse gear, the first clutch 26, the third clutch 30 and the second brake 34 are engaged or activated. The first clutch 26 connects the input shaft or member 12 to the eleventh shaft or interconnecting member 62. The third clutch 30 connects the ninth shaft or interconnecting member 59 to tenth shaft or interconnecting member 60. The second brake 34 connects planet carrier member 14B via fourth shaft or interconnecting member 48 to ground, a stationary element, or transmission housing 50 to restrict rotation of planet carrier member 14B relative to transmission housing 50. Likewise, the nine forward ratios are achieved through different combinations of clutch and brake engagement, as shown in FIG. 3.

It will be appreciated that the foregoing explanation of operation and gear states of the nine speed transmission 10 assumes, first of all, that all the clutches not specifically referenced in a given gear state are inactive or disengaged and, second of all, that during gear shifts, i.e., changes of gear state, between at least adjacent gear states, a clutch or brake engaged or activated in both gear states will remain engaged or activated.

The description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention. 

1. A transmission comprising: an input member; an output member; first, second, third and fourth planetary gear sets each having first, second and third members; a first interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the first member of the first planetary gear set with the first member of the third planetary gear set; a second interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the third member of the first planetary gear set with the second member of the second planetary gear set; a third interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the third member of the second planetary gear set with the second member of the third planetary gear set and the output member; a fourth interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the third member of the third planetary gear set and the second member of the fourth planetary gear set; and six torque transmitting mechanisms selectively engageable to interconnect one of the first, second, and third members with at least one of the first members, second members, third members, and a stationary element, and wherein the torque transmitting mechanisms are selectively engageable in combinations of at least three to establish at least nine forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio between the input member and the output member.
 2. The transmission of claim 1 wherein a first of the six torque transmitting mechanisms is selectively engageable to interconnect at least one of the input member and the third member of the fourth planetary gear set with the first member of the fourth planetary gear set.
 3. The transmission of claim 2 wherein a second of the six torque transmitting mechanisms is selectively engageable to interconnect the first member of the second planetary gear set with the first member of the fourth planetary gear set.
 4. The transmission of claim 3 wherein a third of the six torque transmitting mechanisms is selectively engageable to interconnect at least one of the second member of the second planetary gear set and the third member of the first planetary gear set with at least one of the third member of the third planetary gear set and the second member of the fourth planetary gear set.
 5. The transmission of claim 4 wherein a fourth of the six torque transmitting mechanisms is selectively engageable to interconnect the first member of the second planetary gear set with the stationary element.
 6. The transmission of claim 5 wherein a fifth of the six torque transmitting mechanisms is selectively engageable to interconnect the second member of the first planetary gear set with the stationary element.
 7. The transmission of claim 6 wherein a sixth of the six torque transmitting mechanisms is selectively engageable to interconnect at least one of the first member of the first planetary gear set and the first member of the third planetary gear set with the stationary element.
 8. The transmission of claim 1 wherein the first members are sun gears, the second members are carrier members, and the third members are ring gears.
 9. The transmission of claim 1 wherein the input member is continuously interconnected with the third member of the fourth planetary gear set and wherein the output member is continuously interconnected with at least one of the second member of the third planetary gear set and the third member of the second planetary gear set.
 10. The transmission of claim 1 wherein three of the torque transmitting mechanisms are brakes and three of the torque transmitting mechanisms are clutches.
 11. The transmission of claim 1 wherein the stationary element is a transmission housing.
 12. A transmission comprising: an input member; an output member; first, second, third and fourth planetary gear sets each having first, second and third members, wherein the input member is continuously interconnected with the third member of the fourth planetary gear set and wherein the output member is continuously interconnected with at least one of the second member of the third planetary gear set and the third member of the second planetary gear set; a first interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the first member of the first planetary gear set with the first member of the third planetary gear set; a second interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the third member of the first planetary gear set with the second member of the second planetary gear set; a third interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the third member of the second planetary gear set with the second member of the third planetary gear set and the output member; a fourth interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the third member of the third planetary gear set and the second member of the fourth planetary gear set; a first torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect at least one of the input member and the third member of the fourth planetary gear set with the first member of the fourth planetary gear set; a second torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the first member of the second planetary gear set with the first member of the fourth planetary gear set; a third torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect at least one of the second member of the second planetary gear set and the third member of the first planetary gear set with at least one of the third member of the third planetary gear set and the second member of the fourth planetary gear set; a fourth torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the first member of the second planetary gear set with a stationary element; a fifth torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the second member of the first planetary gear set with the stationary element; and a sixth torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect at least one of the first member of the first planetary gear set and the first member of the third planetary gear set with the stationary element, and wherein the torque transmitting mechanisms are selectively engageable in combinations of at least three to establish at least nine forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio between the input member and the output member.
 13. The transmission of claim 12 wherein the first members are sun gears, the second members are carrier members, and the third members are ring gears.
 14. The transmission of claim 12 wherein the stationary element is a transmission housing.
 15. A transmission comprising: an input member; an output member; first, second, third and fourth planetary gear sets each having a sun gear, a carrier member, and a ring gear, wherein the input member is continuously interconnected with the ring gear of the fourth planetary gear set and wherein the output member is continuously interconnected with at least one of the carrier member of the third planetary gear set and the ring gear of the second planetary gear set; a first interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the sun gear of the first planetary gear set with the sun gear of the third planetary gear set; a second interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the ring gear of the first planetary gear set with the carrier member of the second planetary gear set; a third interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the ring gear of the second planetary gear set with the carrier member of the third planetary gear set and the output member; a fourth interconnecting member continuously interconnecting the ring gear of the third planetary gear set and the carrier member of the fourth planetary gear set; a first torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect at least one of the input member and the ring gear of the fourth planetary gear set with the sun gear of the fourth planetary gear set; a second torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the sun gear of the second planetary gear set with the sun gear of the fourth planetary gear set; a third torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect at least one of the ring gear of the first planetary gear set and the carrier member of the second planetary gear set with at least one of the ring gear of the third planetary gear set and the carrier member of the fourth planetary gear set; a fourth torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the sun gear of the second planetary gear set with a stationary element; a fifth torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect the carrier member of the first planetary gear set with the stationary element; and a sixth torque transmitting mechanism selectively engageable to interconnect at least one of the sun gear of the first planetary gear set and the sun gear of the third planetary gear set with the stationary element, and wherein the torque transmitting mechanisms are selectively engageable in combinations of at least three to establish at least nine forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio between the input member and the output member.
 16. The transmission of claim 15 wherein the stationary element is a transmission housing. 